Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) in Dogs


Brachycephalic dog breeds, known for their distinctive flat faces and endearing personalities, are beloved by many pet owners. Yet, beneath their endearing appearance, there exists a health issue that warrants attention: Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS). In this article, we will delve into what BOAS is, its symptoms, management strategies, treatment options, and preventive care measures to ensure the well-being of your brachycephalic companion.


What is BOAS?

Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) is a complex respiratory condition prevalent among brachycephalic (short-headed) dog breeds like Bulldogs, Pugs, Boxers and Boston Terriers. This syndrome results from a series of anatomical abnormalities inherent to these breeds, which collectively hinder the dog’s ability to breathe normally. These abnormalities typically include narrowed nostrils, an elongated soft palate, and a compressed trachea. The combination of these structural issues leads to increased airway resistance and compromised airflow, resulting in respiratory distress and discomfort for affected dogs.


Symptoms of BOAS:

  1. Snorting and Snoring: Noisy breathing, particularly during sleep or activity.
  2. Exercise Intolerance: Difficulty breathing during physical activity, leading to fatigue quickly.
  3. Gagging or Vomiting: Especially after eating or exercise.
  4. Cyanosis: Blue gums or tongue due to lack of oxygen.
  5. Heat Intolerance:Difficulty regulating body temperature, especially in hot weather.
  6. Collapse: Severe cases may lead to collapse due to respiratory distress.

Management and Treatment:

While BOAS cannot be cured, there are various management strategies and treatments to improve your pet’s quality of life:

  1. Weight Management:Maintaining a healthy weight reduces strain on the respiratory system.
  2. Environmental Modifications:Ensure your pet has access to cool, well-ventilated spaces, especially in hot weather.
  3. Exercise Regulation:Avoid strenuous exercise, particularly in hot or humid conditions.
  4. Surgical Intervention:In severe cases, surgical procedures such as nares widening, soft palate resection, or even a tracheostomy may be recommended by your veterinarian to alleviate airway obstruction.

Surgical Intervention:

In cases where BOAS symptoms are severe and significantly impact the dog’s quality of life, surgical intervention may be recommended as part of the treatment plan. Surgical procedures aim to alleviate airway obstruction, improve respiratory function, and enhance the dog’s ability to breathe comfortably.


Common surgical options for BOAS include:

  1. Nares Widening (Nasal Alarplasty): This procedure involves widening the nostrils to improve airflow through the nasal passages. Narrowed nostrils are a common feature in brachycephalic breeds and can contribute to respiratory difficulties. Nares widening surgery helps to reduce resistance to airflow, making breathing easier for affected dogs.
  2. Soft Palate Resection: Brachycephalic dogs often have an elongated soft palate, which can obstruct the airway and lead to breathing difficulties, especially during exercise or excitement. Soft palate resection involves surgically trimming the excess tissue from the soft palate to reduce its length and alleviate obstruction. This procedure helps to open up the airway, allowing for improved airflow and breathing efficiency.
  3. Everted Laryngeal Saccules Correction: Everted laryngeal saccules are small pouches of tissue that protrude into the airway, further contributing to airway obstruction in dogs with BOAS. Surgery involves removing or repositioning these saccules to improve airflow and reduce respiratory distress.
  4. Tracheostomy: In rare and severe cases of BOAS where upper airway obstruction is life-threatening and cannot be adequately managed with other surgical interventions, a tracheostomy may be performed. During a tracheostomy, a surgical opening is created in the trachea (windpipe),allowing for a direct route for breathing bypassing the upper airway obstruction. While tracheostomy is considered a last resort due to its invasive nature, it can be life-saving for dogs with severe BOAS refractory to other treatments.

Preventive Care:

Regular veterinary check-ups are crucial for brachycephalic breeds to monitor their health and detect BOAS early. Pet owners should watch for changes in breathing or behaviour and seek prompt veterinary attention if any concerning symptoms arise. With proper management, treatment, and preventive care, affected dog scan lead happy lives. By working closely with your veterinarian and being proactive about your dog’s health, you can provide the best possible support for your beloved companion.

If you have questions or concerns about BOAS or your dog’s health, consult with your veterinarian for personalised guidance. Together, we can ensure your brachycephalic friend’s well-being.